New Vatican document on obedience in religious life

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Vatican, May. 28, 2008 (CWNews.com) - The Vatican has issued a new document underlining the importance of obedience in religious life.

Entitled "The Service of Authority and Obedience," the 50-page document from the Congregation for Religious takes the form of an Instruction. It was presented to the superiors of male and female religious orders on May 28 at an assembly held in the Salesianum in Rome.

Obedience, the Vatican document says, should be understood by religious as "a way to help the community or institute to seek and achieve the will of God." The basis for religious obedience, the Instruction notes, is found "in that search for God and for his will which is particular to believers." In offering their obedience, religious imitate "the fundamental experience of Christ Who, out of love, was obedient unto his death on the Cross."

The document from the Congregation for Religious explicitly takes up the question of "difficult obedience," which arises when the individual religious finds the superior's directions "particularly hard to carry out." It also considers situations in which the superior's orders might cause conflicts in the individual's conscience.

Obedience can "give rise to difficult moments," the Vatican document acknowledges. Nevertheless the Instruction observes that religious should reflect on the fundamental role of obedience as a path to understanding God's will. The exercise of religious authority can also be difficult for the superior, the document notes. Everyone in religious life is called to embrace obedience "not just as a passive and irresponsible execution of orders, but as a conscious shouldering of commitments."

The Instruction offers some direction for religious superiors, encouraging them to use their authority prudently, "inviting people to listen, favoring dialogue, sharing, co-responsibility." Superiors should show pastoral concern and mercy for those living under their rule, the document notes.

The Vatican Instruction repeatedly calls readers back to the understanding that obedience is not only a means of structuring the life of religious communities, but a way of seeking and understanding God's will. Religious, the document stresses, should recognize in their obedience to superiors "a real actuation of the will of God."

Pope speaks on legacy of St. Gregory the Great

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Vatican, May. 28, 2008 (CWNews.com) - At his weekly public audience on Wednesday, May 28, Pope Benedict XVI (bio - news) spoke about the record of St. Gregory the Great, the Roman Pontiff from 590 to 604. The Holy Father told an estimated crowd of 17,000 in St. Peter's Square that St. Gregory had embarked on a career as a public official, but that work "cannot have satisfied him," because he entered monastic life.

In his solitary study, Pope Benedict said, St. Gregory "acquired a profound knowledge of Holy Scripture and of the Fathers of the Church, which he later used in his own works." Pope Pelagius II made him a trusted adviser, and when that Pontiff died, Gregory was elected as his successor.

A substantial number of documents from St. Gregory's pontificate remain intact at the Vatican, and the Pope said these documents testify to the early Pontiff's skill in dealing with neighboring powers, particularly the Lombards. He was equally active in social work, using the wealth of the Holy See to provide for impoverished priests and religious, ransoming hostages, and arranging truces.

All this, Pope Benedict reminded his audience, St. Gregory accomplished while suffering from frail health. "Notwithstanding the difficult conditions in which he had to work, he managed, thanks to the holiness of his life and his abundant humanity, to conquer the trust of the faithful, achieving what, for his own time and for the future, were truly grand results."

Eternal Punishment

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Question from Charles on 5/26/2008:

Dear Father Levis, thank you for your reply, but I don't think you quite understood my question (or perhaps I did not express it clearly enough).

You wrote in response that, "The sinner who sins, dies unrepentent." Perhaps this is the crux of the problem. You seem to be saying that in Heaven or Hell, a human being no longer has free will. If I have free will in Hell, I can repent. But God apparently does not accept the repentance of souls in Hell. On the other hand, if there is no free will in Heaven, then God is spending eternity with robots and automatons who are not freely loving and serving Him.

Do you see the problem, the paradox? Please help me understand. Thank you!
Answer by Fr. Robert J. Levis on 5/27/2008:

Charles, WE never lose our freedom of will, either in Heaven nor in Hell. Those in Heaven are so attracted to the Divine Goodness, it is inconceivable that they would refuse to return divine love. Those in Hell are given by God precisely what they have chosen while on earth.They shoce anti-God, unfortunately die, and God gives them what they freely chose on earth. They have no chance of eternal salvation, they have lost freely that opportunity.In Hell they suffer from the misuse of free will on earth, from their freely committed sins.Freedom in Hell is not removed. They continue to choose evil for all eternity as they lived on earth, the place of trial and temptation, which trial they failed forever. Fr. Bob Levis

interfaith marriage

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Question from Anonymous on 5/23/2008:

Dear Fr. Levis, A friend of mine is a convert to the Catholic Faith. Her husband is a cradle Catholic and she converted a few years ago. When she was married the wedding was in a protestant church. A Catholic Priest was there. She was not baptised until her conversion. Is there any reason to beleive that her marriage was not a sacrament? She is concerned that they should have the marriage blessed or renewed. I always thought that if a Priest was a part of the ceromony then it was blessed by the church and a sacrament. And if this is not the case shouldn't the Priest with the RCIA have told them that they needed to redo or renew their vows?

I appreciate any imput. God bless you and Thank you so much for your help.
Answer by Fr. Robert J. Levis on 5/27/2008:

Anon, Apparently this women, a convert to Catholicism, didn't marry canonically. She should have b een married before a priest for validity. If her marriage was valid then it was sacramental. The priest at a marriage ceremony must receive the vows, not just be present. Why not consult with your local pastor? Fr. Bob Levis

Church of England should try to evangelize Muslims, lay Anglican says

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London, May 28, 2008 / 03:17 am (CNA).- A lay Anglican pressing the Church of England to work to convert Muslims to Christianity has reportedly secured enough support for his motion to be debated at the next Anglican General Synod.

The motion calls on the Anglican Church to proclaim that Christianity is the only route to ultimate salvation, BBC News reports.

Paul Eddy, a lay Anglican who is training to be a priest, has been denounced by some Muslims for his campaign to convert Muslims. In an interview Sunday on BBC Radio Four, he said that the Anglican Church had “lost its nerve.”

"Both Christianity and Islam are missionary faiths," he said. "For years, we have sent missionaries throughout the whole world, but when we have the privilege of people of all nations on our doorstep, we have a responsibility as the state church to share the gospel of Jesus Christ."

Eddy claimed that 20 percent of Anglican parishes contained populations in which 60 percent of people were not Christian. Without evangelization, he said, the church's inaction was in danger of creating “no-go areas for the Gospel.”

He also said he has received angry e-mails and telephone calls from leading Anglicans denouncing his motion. He also claims to have the support of at least 124 members of the synod, including the Bishops of Rochester, Carlisle and Chester.

Eddy said that his move would not upset many Muslims.

"Most Muslims that I've talked to say, 'I really wish that Christians would stop watering down their faith and expecting us to do the same.'”

"Until we start really saying what we really believe in our faith, there will be no respect,” Eddy said.

He continued: "They will expect us - if we're true Christians - to try to evangelize them, in the same way they will expect us, if they're true Muslims, to adopt their faith.”

Eddy has called for bishops to draw up a code of good practice to advise church members how to evangelize and how to support former Muslims who are ostracized by their communities for converting to Christianity.